Build a Line-Following Robot with Arduino

Introduction

Line-following robots are a fantastic introduction to autonomous robotics, teaching sensor integration, motor control, and basic algorithms.

Understanding IR Sensors

Infrared reflectance sensors detect the difference between black lines and white surfaces by measuring reflected IR light.

Building the Chassis

A simple two-wheel differential drive chassis provides easy turning. The caster wheel in front allows pivoting.

Motor Control

Using an L298N motor driver, we can control both speed and direction of our DC motors with PWM signals.

The Algorithm

A PID controller provides smooth line following by adjusting motor speeds based on sensor feedback.

Next Steps

Add more sensors for intersection detection, or implement maze-solving algorithms.